Martin Luther And The Protestant Reformation - Free Essay Example

Martin Luther was born in Eisleben in November fourteen eighty three. He was born into a wealthy family. He was a German monk who began the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century, and became one of the most influential and controversial figures in Christian history. Luther questioned f the basic foundations of Roman Catholicism, and his followers split from the Roman Catholic Church to begin the Protestant Church. Martin Luthers parents, Hans and Margarethe Luther, were peasants. However Hans had some success as a miner, and in fourteen-eighty four the family moved from Eisleben to nearby Mansfeld, where Hans had mines. Hans Luther knew that mining was a tough business and wanted his son to have better than he did: He wanted him to become a lawyer. At age seven, Martin Luther went to school in Mansfield. At fourteen Martin Luther went north to Magdeburg, where he continued going to school. In fourteen-ninety eight, he returned to Eisleben and enrolled in school. He was studying grammar, rhetoric and logic. He later compared this experience to purgatory and hell. In fifteen-eighteen, Martin Luther entered the University of Erfurt, where he received a Master of Arts degree in grammar, logic, rhetoric and metaphysics. At this time, it seemed he was on his way to becoming a lawyer. On October thirty-first in the year fifteen seventeen Martin Luther nailed his ninety five theses on the church of All Saints. With this act he declared war upon the roman catholic church. He protested the pope, and the selling of indulgences.   The Roman Catholic was furious and sought to silence the Reformers.   Luthers main problem with the catholic church was Indulgences, which would lessen the impact of, or pardon, a person from his or her sins. In theory, indulgences were given to persons   by the church on the contingency that the recipient carried out some form of good work or other specified acts. In practice, indulgences could be bought. This practice was heavily abused by the church, when they began relying upon their sales of indulgences   as a way of gaining money, especially to pay for expensive building projects.   When Martin Luther went to visit Italy, Pope Leo X posted new indulgences for the funding of the reconstruction of the Basilica of St. Peter in Rome. This enraged Luther that popes were so open in asking the public to literally pay for their sins in return for a clear conscience.   I also disagree with indulgences. No one can be fully rid of their sin. Some religions believe that you have to repent to their God or gods to be forgiven and must turn away from this sin or sins. The soul is not under Caesars power, he wrote. He can neither teach nor guide it, neither kill it nor make it alive. This breakaway was monumental for new religious revolutions. With this other forms of religion began to sprout. Eventually, new churches rose from the Reformation, forming four major sects of Protestantism: Luthers followers started the Lutheran Church, Calvins followers started the Reformed Church, John Knoxs followers started the Presbyterian Church in Scotland using Calvinistic doctrine, and, later on, Reformers in England started the Anglican Church. Luthers revolt inspired other religious leaders in cities outside of Germany; Strasbourg, Geneva, Basel, and Lucca. In Zrich Huldrych Zwingli, a Swiss leader of the Reformation, persuaded the city council and a large part of the population to accept a full program for the strict observance of the Gospel. Priestly celibacy was done away with. Baptism and the Eucharist,the Christian ceremony commemorating the Last Supper, in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed. were still celebrated as sacraments, but the belief that during the Mass the bread and wine actually turned into the body and blood of Christ was abandoned. In Zurich Huldrych Zwinglis view, the Eucharist became a symbolic ceremony in remembrance of Christs sacrifice. Sacred music was prohibited, and paintings in churches were destroyed. An armada of preachers was chosen to go out into the city and foment this rebellious new way of teaching. The Church eventually acted to stop the act of rebellion . In October fifteen-eighteen, at a meeting with Cardinal Thomas Cajetan in Augsburg, Martin Luther was ordered to recant his ninety-five theses by the authority of the pope. Luther said he would not recant unless scripture proved him wrong. He went on, stating he did not consider that the papacy had the authority to interpret scripture. The meeting ended in a screaming and his excommunication from the Church.

Food Ethics Should Environmentalists Oppose Genetically...

I will argue that environmentalists should not oppose genetically modified foods. Genetically modified foods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) are crop plants that are modified in a laboratory to enhance desired traits, to offer greater yields, to improve pest and disease resistance, to increase nutrition, or to boost tolerance to temperature extremes, drought, and salinity (The Hutchinson Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide). This controversial concept has been debated among environmental activists, public interest groups, and other scientists and government officials since GMOs were introduced in 1996. However, genetic engineering has enormous potential benefits that society cannot ignore now or in the future. First,†¦show more content†¦Therefore, to â€Å"conserve forests, habitats and biodiversity, it is necessary to ensure that future food requirements come only from cropland currently in use†, which can be achieved with an increased use of GMOs globally (ISAAA). An objection to this argument is that some environmentalists oppose GMOs, arguing that genetically modified foods have a negative environmental impact, especially for agricultural practices. For example, they contend that the modified genes created by genetic engineering can spread through pollen to other non-GMO plants outside of their intended cultivation area. â€Å"If a GMO is herbicide-tolerant,† some environmentalists believe this characteristic can spread to other plants with the possibility of creating â€Å"super-weeds† which will be difficult to suppress (Thompson 213). Others argue that widespread use of GMOs can lead to a reduction in the biodiversity of plants and insects. As more and more GMOs are used, the genetic diversity of other similar plants may be lost, as conventional and organic seeds are no longer used for agricultural practices (Gertsberg). It is debated that the â€Å"toxins produced to kill insects in GMOs can also kill ‘non-targ et species,’ which are insects we may not want to kill†, such as monarch butterflies, leading to a loss in biodiversity (Thompson 213). Conversely, overreliance on a single pesticide can lead to the development of resistant â€Å"super-bugs† which also hurts the environment.Show MoreRelatedGenetic Engineers Are People Who Alter The Deoxyribose1781 Words   |  8 Pagesinsecticides that are sprayed on select produce has reduced as a result of genetic engineers’ processes. Genetically modified foods pose increasing benefits on the environment and economy, while continuously facing opposition from religious peoples and interest groups. The motivation for this research is based on Danny Hakim’s Oct 26, 2016’s article, â€Å"Doubts About the Promised Bounty of Genetically Modified Crops.† His article, published in The New York Times, questions whether or not agricultural innovationRead MoreEthics, Public Health, And Environmental Safety3018 Words   |  13 PagesStates and around the globe. With the advent of genetic engineering and the adoption of transgenic crops, a new set of questions regarding ethics, public health, and environmental safety has grown from a theoretical concern to one that must be considered as genetic engineering plays an increasingly large role in our everyday lives. As genetically modified (GM) food has entered the marketplace, these ethical questions have fallen not just to scientists but to the public at large, and the issue has grownRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesthroughout the book, accentuating the experiential relevance of the straightforward content. As always, we emphasize a balance of research and application. In particular for the new eighth edition we have incorporated important new content in the areas of ethics and social responsibility, offshoring and outsourcing, the emergence of social media as a means of transacting business around the world, management practices in and for emerging and developing countries, and other important developments in the internationalRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesin quantity was also a transformatio n in quality. Migrations were inseparable from unprecedented urbanization and population growth, the expansion of industrial production and global markets, the spread of wage labor, the growth and extraction of food and resources to feed those workers, the revolution of transportation technologies, and the accompanying creation of an international system of nation states, borders, and population management techniques. Cities were the epicenter of this worldRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material

Crime Control Model And The Due Process Model - 1327 Words

There are two models of the criminal process. The two model of the criminal process are the crime control model and the due process model. Both of these models are bring used in the criminal justice system. The two models give understanding to the values of the criminal law with that in mind these two modes are not absolute. Herbert Packer articulates the values of the criminal justice process between due process which is emphasis on the right of an individual and crime control model sees the regulation of criminal conduct as the most important function of the criminal process. Crime control model is more conservative in viewing crime and in the other hand Due process model is a more liberal way of viewing crime. The models have very opposite approaches to the criminal justice system. The crime control model views the person as guilty until proven innocent while the due process model views the person as innocent until proven guilty and looks at all the steps the police and procreato rs do so the person gets a fair trial. Crime control model is focus on the reduction of crime and in a way to keep control, in other words repression of crime is the most important factor in the crime control model. Order is a necessary condition for a free society. Another factor that Herber Packer talks about the Crime control model is the focus should be one the victims’ rights rather than the defendants’ rights. Also, crime control model tends to put power on to police andShow MoreRelatedThe Crime Control Model And The Due Process Model2122 Words   |  9 PagesHerbert Packer, a Stanford University law professor, developed two models of the criminal justice system (CJS) in the United States, the crime control model and the due process model. This has now been implemented and applied to the CJS of England and Wales and there are several examples of due process and crime control measures which this CJS is made up of. The due process model relies on the underlying principle that an individual cannot be deprived of liberty, property, or even life without appropriateRead MoreCrime Control Model And The Due Process Model903 Words   |  4 Pagesin America has two main models, the crime control model and the due process model. There has been several debates on which model is the most effective in combating crime in America. Crime control model emphasizes on crime reduction by increasing prosecution powers (Hung-En, 2006). On the other hand, the due process model of crime control aims at increasing the people’s rights and liberty and limiting governmental powers. Unlike the due process model, the crime control model believes in with an increaseRead MoreCrime Control Model And Due Process Model1823 Words   |  8 PagesThe Crime Control Model and the Due Process Model are very important parts of our criminal justice system. Without both of these models in our system it throws things off balance and causes a lot of problems. Over the past many years our Criminal Justice System has changed and with these changes we have found better ways of keeping our system balanced. In order for our system to continue to stay in balance then the Crime Control Model and Due Process Model need to be used together. The Crime ControlRead MoreCrime Control Model Vs. Due Process Model Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual whom commit crime the crime control model vs. due process model. There has been an ongoing intense debate over which criminal process works best for the United States and its citizens. Should individuals be given the right to be innocent until proven guilty? Or should individuals be placed in jail before being convicted of the crime? Should individual’s rights be thrown out as soon as they are assumed guilty of a crime? Or should individuals keep their rights regardless of a crime committed? AnotherRead MoreThe Crime Control Model and the due Process Model in The Brothel Boy 576 Words   |  3 Pagesare two main models in the criminal process, the crime control model and the due process model. The crime control model focuses on repression of crime in a speedy and conclusive way. The use of â€Å"presumptions of guilt† speeds the process up because very litt le evidence is needed against the suspect for them to be considered guilty. In this model, it is believed the laws should be stricter, the police force should be increased, and the sentences should be more intense. The due process model has more stepsRead MoreDue Process Model versus Crime Control Model Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagestypes of models that are found in the English criminal justice system. These are the crime control model and the due process model. They vary in their characteristics and are considered to take divergent objectives. Basing on their evident differences, one of them is actually considered being more effective than the other if the new wave and rate of crime being witnessed in the society is anything to go by. This paper therefore seeks to identify some of the differences between these models and pointRead MoreThe Consensus, Crime Control, and Due Process Models Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesconsists of models and theories that often contradict one anoth er. Of these models are the crime control model, the due process, model, the consensus model and the conflict model. In this paper these models are evaluated and defined, as well as each entity in the criminal justice systems role within each model. Policing, corrections and the court system all subscribe to each model in some way and in a hurried manner in cases that dictate such a response. As described by Erik Luna in the Models of CriminalRead MoreEssay about Comparing the Due Process and Crime Control Model860 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween due process, and crime control model, as well as assessing which one is more effective with stopping crime in today’s world. One of the first things we need to look at is, what is the due process model? It is a model in which there is the assumption that every effort needs to be done to ensure that an innocent person is not convicted of a crime. It adheres to the belief of strict evidence, which means to show beyond a reasonable doubt that the person actually committed the crime, and theRead MoreDue Process1391 Words   |  6 PagesDue Process And Crime Control Models Criminology Essay ukessays.com /essays/criminology/due-process-and-crime-control-models-criminology-essay.php Due Process The basis of the due process model is formal structure. When used correctly, the due process model protects the rights of suspects accused of various crimes. The due process model reduces many errors that occur during the investigation, arrest, evidence gathering, and trial. Due process does not support much of the evidence that is usedRead MoreCriminal Procedure Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe due process and crime control models, both created by Stanford University law professor Herbert Packer, represents two opposing method of principles functioning within criminal justice system. Although the models describe the important facets of the politics and practice of criminal justice, both have been criticized since presented by Packer in 1964. Presently both models are acknowledged as imperfect standards to explain the politics and law of criminal justice. The crime control ideal represents

Analysis Of The Book The Cat - 1339 Words

A gunshot stirred the sleeping cat, jerking him awake. His unpleasant dream, filled him with horror as he recalled the smell of burning firewood, boiling water, and the cruel laughter. His senses came back to him as he found himself hanging from a log, upside down, his legs tied together. Battered and bruised, the cat tried to remember why he was hanging on a piece of wood. As the cat’s memory came back slowly, he remembered himself fighting men, trying to escape their firm grip. One of the big men lifted his oversized fist and connected it to the cat’s hind legs. The feline shrieked in agony as the pain shot up towards his body, and he fell into an unknown darkness. He frowned as he tried to remember what had happened before the hunters came, but his mind was utterly blank. The cat blinked twice, finally taking in his surroundings. Two men came towards the cat and lifted him over to an open space. The cat looked below him and saw some wood. The men walked away, leaving the cat alone by himself. He closed his eyes; his throbbing legs were becoming numb and he started to feel a sense of dread, as he realized what would happen to him. The feline twitched as a stick prodded his bruised body. An old man stood over the cat, grinning from ear to ear. The cat shuddered at the sight; the man wore rags and looked as if he had never taken a bath in his life. His stench could be smelled from miles away, and it angered the hanging cat. All of a sudden, the ancient man untied theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Cats Cradle 875 Words   |  4 PagesCats Cradle is surfaced around science fiction, religion, and society while keeping a steady sense of humor. The overwhelming theme that I was able to easily relate to, was the biblical connection that was present throughout the novel; specifically, the Book of Ecclesiastes. Along with the sense of humor, the style of writing helped make it easy for any audience to read, understand, and follow. Most importantly it allowed for connections to be easily made. While the book may be encompassed aroundRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Cat Crosses The Couryard 1411 Words   |  6 Pagesnot attack like this. They did not hunt like this. Not without orders. And not without one one the ends of their leashes. Time slowed down and sped up all at once, the world slowing while Aermun accelerated, suspended in the blackness of his soul. Cat Crosses the Couryard. His posture was lax, arrogant almost, sword loosely held in front of him and body straight. He felt Caitrin leap away from him, and his void shook; he knew she would last if she was channeling, but the familiar shhck! of a daggerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Vegan Cat Food 3717 Words   |  15 PagesVegan Cat Food The Ultimate Guide to Your Cats Health The book is written to offer beneficial information on vegan foods for cats. Consequently, the contents of the book are meant for educational purposes and not as a professional advice on the subject discussed. While a lot of research from a wide array of sources has been used to produce this book, the author and the publisher shall not assume liability of any kind with respect to any loss or damaged caused by the use of the content of thisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Clairvoyance Killed The Cat 2922 Words   |  12 Pages Clairvoyance Killed The Cat All I remember from the past was the blue sky and bright yellow sun. I had never seen it of course but my grandmother always told me stories. Stories about how everyone lived a carefree existence. About how the world was a bright and beautiful place compared to now. Now was nothing like the past. An evil ruler took over, killed a bunch of people, and now here we all were. A dystopian future where hatred was the only emotion and curiosity got you murdered. The sayingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Cat Of The Hat By Shel Silverstein1931 Words   |  8 Pagesto read the very first books they hold are picture books that are usually accompanied with a rhyming sentence or two below. Seeing a picture and then being able to connect it with words is a fundamental tool that allows for children to understand what they are reading at a young age. Many authors, some famous, have been able to capture the attention of young readers by making the words in their stories rhyme. Dr. Seuss wrote some of the most notable young children’s books that most if not all includeRead MoreShort Essays in The Great Cat Massacre by Darnton638 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Cat Massacre Although the title of this book strikes the reader as unusual it begins to make complete sense once it is read. This book is a series of short essays by Darnton. The second section, which is titled â€Å"Workers Revolt: The great Cat Massacre of the Rue Saint-Sà ©rverin† brings the reader directly into the views of the working class during the 1700s in France. This style of writing allows situations to be viewed through the lens of those who are experiencing it, making for a moreRead MoreAn Analysis of Ernest Hemingways Cat in the Rain922 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of Ernest Hemingways Cat in The Rain In his frictional story, â€Å"Cat in the Rain,† Ernest Hemingway sets the scene for his fiction in a hotel room in Italy on a rainy day. On the first reading of this short story it can be easily interpreted as a wife nagging her husband, who is lying in bed preoccupied reading a book. The young married American’s being in a foreign country on business or pleasure, (Hemingway does not say) one would expect that the expression of love would be moreRead MoreEvaluation Of A Checklist Assessment1538 Words   |  7 Pages2014, p. 31). The interactionist perspective also focuses on a child’s sociocultural interaction. The teacher is reading a book aloud to children. She is engaging in conversation with children as she reads aloud to them. The children communicate back to her by answering questions and she is having them participate in using hand and leg gestures to demonstrate parts of the book she is reading. Social interaction plays a big role in this theory. The te acher is demonstrating that by reading aloud toRead MoreSymbolism And Origin Is The Cheshire Cat702 Words   |  3 Pagescharacter within the story that critics are unsure of his symbolism and origin is the Cheshire Cat. In the story the Cheshire Cat is a mysterious character. He appeared when he choose to and disappeared a moment later. He had an odd sense of a personality, but spoke to Alice using wise words and thoughts. â€Å"It is not 100% clear why Carroll named this character ‘Cheshire Cat’. â€Å"To grin like a Cheshire Cat† was a common phrase in Carroll’s day. Its origin is unknown, but it may have originated from aRead MoreA Report On The Self Study Process899 Words   |  4 Pagesthe self-study report in Blackboard, please share the feedback with your group. The NEASC self-study process was a perfect example of qualitative research. For the report, you conducted interviews, made direct observations, and conducted a document analysis. These s kills will serve you well when you become an administrator. The quality of your school will directly correlate with your ability to qualitatively analyze curriculum, instruction, assessment and school programming, identify areas for improvement

The Importance of Entrepreneurship and Small Business in a...

Entrepreneurship Report List of contents: 1 Introduction 2 Definition of enterprise, entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship 3 Skills, attributes and behaviours of entrepreneurs 4 The importance of enterprise, entrepreneurship and small business in the context of the wider economy as well as the individual or team. 5 Stages necessary to evaluate a new business idea 7 Summary and recommendations 8 List of references Introduction This essay is about entrepreneurship. The world is changing and the role of the individual has become increasingly more important, with individual entrepreneurship becoming more and more necessary for economic success. Definition of enterprise, entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship Entrepreneurship is the process of creating something new with value by devoting the necessary time and effort, assuming the accompanying financial, psychic and social risks and receiving the resulting rewards of monetary and personal satisfaction and independence. Enterprise describes a readiness to act boldly to get something started,. Enterprise Another meaning of enterprise is a business venture, like a frozen yogurt enterprise. It requires a lot of determination, hard work and the steady belief that people will love your yogurt. People will say you show extraordinary enterprise for your willingness to take on such a challenging project, meaning you have initiative and drive.Show MoreRelatedOpportunities And Threats Of Entrepreneurship1483 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizations worldwide are facing new opportunities and threats caused by several mutative forces, including â€Å"technological disruption, fluctuating economies or demographical changes† (Toma et al., 2014). Entrepreneurship has gradually gone into the view of the public, as well as scholars, in order to tackle the changing forces (Castaà ±o et al., 2015; Toma et al., 2014). It may positively influence on economic growth due to the entrepreneurial activities it causes. Thu s, scholars have shown increasingRead MoreEntrepreneurial Education : The Education System ( Gibb Price, 2014 ) Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent approaches in ensuring the effectiveness of the education system (Gibb Price, 2014). These different approaches taken is to ensure the effectiveness and efficiencies of the outcome of entrepreneurial education in achieving its argued importance (Fayolle, 2007). Over time, continuous arguments had arisen among scholars pertaining to the contribution of entrepreneurial education towards influencing students to become entrepreneurs. For instance, the studies of Adelaja (2015), Lourenà §o,Read MoreSocial Entrepreneurship2389 Words   |  10 PagesWhat is social entrepreneurship? The animation is made to explain the concept of social entrepreneurship to the general public and raise awareness of the importance of this type of business.... Social entrepreneurship  is the attempt to draw upon business techniques to find solutions to social problems.This concept may be applied to a variety of organizations with different sizes, aims, and beliefs. Conventional  entrepreneurs  typically measure performance in profit and return, but social entrepreneursRead MoreAre Female Entrepreneurs Still Considered A Minority Male Dominated Fashion Industry?2167 Words   |  9 Pagesentrepreneurs while male entrepreneurs are considered the dominant force in entrepreneurship. However, does this theory hold true in the female liberated world of fashion? After discovering the pioneering works of Natalie Massenet (creator of Net-A-Porter) in the world of luxury online retailing, this has opened the window of curiosity as to how females are such prominent figures yet are branded as minorities in entrepreneurship. In an industry which reaches and affects a vast number of consumers onRead MoreEntrepreneurship Education: A Comparison of Canada and Sweden from the 1980’s to Present Day3077 Words   |  13 PagesEntrepreneurship Education: A Comparison of Canada and Sweden from the 1980’s to Present Day. Research Question What is the comparison of entrepreneurship and the state of educating entrepreneurs between the countries of Canada and Sweden and the effects on entrepreneurial levels and successes within the specific timeframe of the 1980’s to present day? Entrepreneurship is one of the main foundations of many countries economies historically and it plays just as crucial of a role in the presentRead More24 - Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Clusters in Latin America6491 Words   |  26 PagesReceived November 11, 2008 / Accepted December 12, 2008 J. Technol. Manag. Innov. 2008,Volume 3, Issue 3 Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Clusters in Latin America Natural Resource – Implication and Future Challenges Tomas Gabriel Bas (1), Ernesto Amoros (2), Martin Kunc (3) Abstract The natural resources play a very important role in the economy of the Latin America countries, but follow the classical models of resource exploitation and scale do not add much more value to the productsRead MoreSocial Entrepreneurship1768 Words   |  8 PagesAssess the importance of social entrepreneurship in the local context. 1.0 Definition of Social Entrepreneurship A social entrepreneur identifies and solves social problems on a large scale. Just as business entrepreneurs create and transform whole industries, social entrepreneurs act as the change agents for society, seizing opportunities others miss in order to improve systems, invent and disseminate new approaches and advance sustainable solutions that create social value. Unlike traditionalRead MoreDescribe the Important Internet Properties That Affect Marketing and the Fundamental Changes the Internet Has Brought to Marketing.1157 Words   |  5 Pagespassed on and shared. This encourages communication for businesses in a supply chain. 2. Internet encourages global reach - regardless of location, the internet is accessible to all. Businesses can be conducted globally easier while encourages worldwide partnership and products distribution even better than before. 3. Internet works as network externality – target markets are being reached easily and faster with automated communication. 4. Internet is a time moderator – time is a valuable essenceRead MoreRural Entrepreneurship-Opportunities and Challenges3604 Words   |  15 Pages RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Abstract The rural population constitutes a major segment in India. The livelihood strategies of this vast segment depend primarily on agriculture and allied activities. Growth in this agriculture sector has shown a declining trend during the last one decade. This has made a huge impact on the domestic production, employment, etc. These problems can be tackled, to a certain extent, by developing entrepreneurship in Rural IndiaRead MoreEconomic And Social Development Efforts Has Benefited Women As Much As They Have Benefited Men Essay2552 Words   |  11 Pagesis for this reason that women in Kenya have for quite a long time now been encouraged to undertake businesses. Entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as an important driver of economic growth, productivity, innovation and employment and it is widely accepted as a key aspect of economic dynamism. Transforming ideas into economic opportunities is the main concept of entrepreneurship. History shows that economic progress has been sign ificantly advanced by pragmatic people who are entrepreneurial

Foundation of Business Law

Question: Discuss about theFoundation of Business Law. Answer: Issue Whether Derrick and Carmelo have established a valid contract between themselves? The same has to be evaluated considering two basic elements of the contract, that is, consideration and legal intention of the parties. Relevant Law When people intents to make a valid contact then there are few ingredients that are required for its formation. A contract is formed when an offer (intention of an offeror to carry out some performance or in action) is undertaken which is duly accepted (when the intention of the offeror is approved by a offeree) by competition parties (offeror and offeree). (The LawHandBook, 2016) However, in the present given task in order to determine the contractual relationship between Derrick and Carmelo, it is important to understand two more essential elements. They are consideration and legal intent of the parties. The offeror and the offeree are the parties who make a contract between them. The promises which are exchanged by them should not be gratuitous in nature but must be made between the parties in support of some kind of gain or benefit which in the law of contract is called consideration. For example, in Dunton v Dunton (1892), Mr Dunton agreed to pay his wife provide she behave in sober manner. It was held that to behave in sober manner is a good consideration and thus Mr Dunton must pay his wife. So, a consideration is basically something which is of sufficient value to support the promises though it may not be adequate in nature and is held in Chappell v Nestle (1960), wherein wrappers were considered as sufficient consideration . (Lawskool, 2016) Also, a valid consideration only exists when it is supporting the promises which are of future or present transactions. Any benefits which hold up promises of past are invalid and is held in Roscorla v Thomas (1842), the promise which was desired by the party (that the horse must be sound) does not hold any support and is thus not enforceable. The only consideration that was provided was for that the horse must be sold. (Moles Bangia, 1998) Also, it is important to submit that whenever some extra consideration is added in any pre existing promises amid the parties, then, the new consideration must be such which supports some extra benefit. If the extra consideration is supporting those promises which are to be performed regardless of any new support, then, such extra consideration is not enforceable upon the parties and is held in Lampleigh v Braithwait (1615). (McKendrick Liu, 2015) Another element that is very necessary so that the promises that are exchanged amid the parties are enforceable is the intention of the parties to the contract. When the parties make promises to each other then the intention of the parties must be legal in nature and not domestic. The intention is legal when while making promises the parties wish to inflict their promises in the court of law. In commercial contract the legal intention is normally found. But, an intention is not legal when the parties when make promises does not inflict their promises in the court of law. In Rose and Frank Co v Crompton [1923] though the parties are principal-agent of each other but the relationship was not held with legal intent. In family/domestic arena the presence of legal intent is normally not found (Balfour v Balfour (1919). But, the basic rule of the presence if legal intention is not hard and fast and legal intention can be proved in domestic relationship by laying down proof in support of the same Jones v Padavatton (1969). Similarly, at times there is no legal intention when the contract is made between commercial parties. So every exchange of promises between the parties has to be looked into individually in order to determine whether there is presence if legal int ention or not. (J Clark, 2016) After, analyzing the basic legal principles that guide the relationship of an offeror and an offeree. The same is now applied to the given facts and circumstances in order to prove whether Derrick and Carmelo have established a valid contract between themselves especially after considering consideration and legal intention of the parties. Application of Law Carmelo, cousin of Derrick, has made a request to him to place a seat on the NBA for an event in June 2016. Derrick promised to check the availability and then respond with an email. Through an email, Derrick makes an offer of one place left on the NBA wherein he will be provided with a premium travel/accommodation at a price of $25,000. He further submitted that he can keep the offer open till tomorrow (till business hours). He submits that an acceptance in the form of text or an email will be appropriate. But, in response to the offer, Carmelo only offered him $20,000 and the rest he submits can be recovered against the services he has offered as an accountant (filling of personal/business tax returns). Derrick approves of the offer of Carmelo but asks Carmelo to deposit the amount in his bank. Now, it is submitted that the relationship amid the parties is of family relations, but, they do intent to abide by their promises from the very fact that Derrick has asked Carmelo to deposit the money in his bank in order to protect his interest. But, the consideration which is provided by Carmelo was not valid in law. As he has provided the benefit for an action of past nature and that to the same has been moved from the promisee and not the promisor and hence is invalid. So, there is lack of consideration to support the promises that are made amid the parties. Conclusion Thus, though there is legal intention to support the promises which are made between derrick and Carmelo, but the consideration is invalid in law so there is no contract between the parties. Issue There are two basic issues that are required to be analyzed in the given scenario. The same are: To evaluate the elements that are required for the formation of an agreement are established in order to make a valid contract amid Derrick and Carmelo? If a valid contract between the parties is formed, then, Carmelo has any right to persuade Derrick so that he gave premium accommodation and travel to him? Relevant Law Now, both these issues that are raised are evaluated on a basic presumption the two most important elements which are needed for any contract formation, that is, consideration and legal intention of the parties are present in given situation. Now, as already submitted that when people intents to make a valid contact then there are few ingredients that are required for its formation. A contract is formed when an offer (intention of an offeror to carry out some performance or in action) is undertaken which is duly accepted (when the intention of the offeror is approved by a offeree) by competition parties (offeror and offeree). (The LawHandBook, 2016) To make an agreement the two basic requirements are offer and acceptance. This agreement when combined with intention and consideration results in the formation of a contract. Thus, these two elements, that is, offer and acceptance are defines and understood herein below:- First element in the formation of agreement OFFER When one party, called an offeror, exchange promises with another party, called offeree, then, an offer is said to be made (Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893) wherein the company has made an offer with clear terms and conditions which an expectation of approval. The promise which is exchanged by an offeror is basically the intention of an offeror which he expects from an offeree to be performed. An offer can be made in many forms, such as, verbal, written, electronic, etc. Whenever any offer is made then it must reach in the knowledge of the offeree to consider the same as valid. Second element in the formation of agreement ACCEPTANCE As soon an offer is received and brought to the knowledge of the offeree then it is the duty of the offeree either to confirm to the same or to deny the same. When the same is confirmed then it is acceptance in the eyes of law. This acceptance should reach to the knowledge of the offeror to make it valid in law (R v Clarke(1927) But, the acceptance which is made by an offeree should be such which matches with the terms of the offer. There should not be any deviation in the terms of the acceptance and offer to make them valid and binding. However, if the offeree while making the acceptance brings some variations in the offer, then, the approval of the offeree is not valid in nature and this action of the offeree is called counter offer in law (Hyde v Wrench[1840] wherein instead of accepting the offer the offeree has made a counter offer nullifying the offer. Counter offer implies that the original offer which is made by the parties is nullified when a counter offer is made and the only offer which is then valid is counter offer only. The offeree who has made the counter offer is the new offeror and the original offeree is then called the offeror who may then agree or disagree with the same. The parties who are making the offer and the acceptance must also be of sound mind and must also be major in order to make a valid contract. Thus, All the contract elements, that is, agreement, capacity of the parties, consideration and legal intention makes a valid contract in law. Application of Law Now, the legal principles is applied in order understand whether all contractual elements are met between Derrick and Carmelo. However, the discussion is analyzed on the presumption that consideration and legal intention amid the parties are already met. As already submitted, that Carmelo, cousin of Derrick, has made a request to him to place a seat on the NBA for an event in June 2016. Derrick promised to check the availability and then respond with an email. Derrick offered his services @ 25,000. But, the offer made by Derrick is not accepted and a counter offer was made by Carmelo @ $20,000. At this point, it is submitted, that the offer made by Derrick is nullified by the counter offer which is made by Carmelo. So, now the offer which is valid is the one which is made by Carmelo of $20,000. Carmelo is the new offeror and Derrick is the new offeree. The offer of Carmelo is approved by Derrick on the terms specified by Carmelo. So , an offer was approved by acceptance by capable parties with legal intent and consideration. So, a contract is made between them. But, if Derrick is not able to fulfill his promises, then there is breach of contract. So, Carmelo can only sue Derrick but cannot compel him to give premium accommodation and travel to him. Conclusion Thus, a valid contract is made between Derrick and Carmelo. However, Carmelo can sue Derrick for damages but cannot force him to provide premium accommodation and travel. Reference List Books/Articles/Journals McKendrik Liu. 2015. Contract Law: Australian Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Case laws Balfour v Balfour (1919) Chappell v Nestle (1960). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893). Dunton v Dunton (1892). Hyde v Wrench[1840] Jones v Padavatton (1969). Lampleigh v Braithwait (1615) Roscorla v Thomas (1842). Rose and Frank Co v Crompton [1923]. R v Clarke(1927) Online Material Clark J (2016) Intention to create legal relations (Online). Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-intention.html. [Accessed on 29th September 2016]. Lawskool. (2016). Contract Law summary (Online). Available at: https://www.lawskool.com.au/content/contract_law_summary_2012_-_sample.pdf. [Accessed on 9th October 2016]. Moles Bangia (1998) Consideration - in Acceptance of Contract (Online). Available at: https://netk.net.au/Contract/04Consideration.asp. [Accessed on 9th October 2016]. The LawHandBook (2016) Essentials elements of a contract (Online). Available at: https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/07_01_02_elements_of_a_contract/. [Accessed on 9th October 2016].

Self Evaluation free essay sample

My biggest concern before and during my speech was being within the time limits. I was able to learn many different methods of controlling stress while I was in the Army and there are two I use often: combat breathing and status recognition. Combat breathing is simply measuring your breathes and spacing them evenly. With practice your body will begin to breathe that way all the time. Status recognition is a little harder to explain. The easiest explanation is that humans operate at 4 different levels of stress: green, yellow, red, and black. The goal is to stay in the yellow zone and use your bodies natural stress reactions as a benefit. This method takes many years of practice to fully develop though. The new course knowledge I used was mostly related to using note cards. Ive never been a consistent user of note cards; I prefer having my hands free when I speak. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Evaluation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I tried to use them to outline my speech. I made notes about the different topics I wanted to cover, and under those topics I listed certain facts that might be hard to memorize. I think the best part about my speech was my Introduction. When I was practicing t home I kept picturing myself as a host off TV dating show. I was still trying to come up with an attention grabbing opener, so I thought Id try to work that Joke In. I got a few laughs, so I consider that a success. I Just need to work on my timing and delivery now. The area I need the most Improvement In Is time management and slowing down how fast I speak. I new I was close to the three minute requirement when I practiced at home and I knew I needed to slow down my speech. Next time I present I will try and slow down. Having more Information to talk about will also help to fill the time requirements. Self Evaluation free essay sample Each day I feel it is a struggle for me; however, I will not give up. I’ve come too far. Every day I am learning what is expected of me as a writer. I am learning what to do and what not to do. On my first day of English 102-06 I was kind of nervous. I really did not know what to expect. Especially once I meet my professor he seemed a bit intimidating. However, I still wanted to challenge myself. He gave all of his students the option to drop his class if we were not ready. He mentioned that the work would be intense. I still was interest in taking this class although the said all of this. I thought to myself this should be easy. Since I passed English 101, I thought it couldn’t be any worse. I was in such a surprise. In English 101 you’re doing more essay than anything, which isn’t that hard. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Evaluation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In English 102-06 it’s more of reading texts that you really don’t understand. It is intense but in a good way. Our first week of class we were assigned to write an essay about love and a literature journal. I said to myself, â€Å"What did I just get myself into? I still did the literature journal knowing t was a possibility that I had done it wrong. Of course I did it wrong, but at least I tried. In my first essay, I made many mistakes. One of my biggest mistakes was that I did not use the proper format, which is MLA format. My professor gave us resources to help us with the formatting however, I did not use them. Secondly I procrastinated which is the worst thing you can ever do. I am fully aware of my errors and I know what I need to do to fulfill the next task given to me. As a writer I am strong in some areas. I can come up with a great thesis statement. I try to organize and explain what I am going to write about, and try to make the reader want to read my writing. Although my first essay was a bit choppy and disorganized, I understand what I did wrong. I tried my hardest but it isn’t enough. I have many weaknesses as a writer. I need to use more transition swords so the reader can have a better understanding of what I am writing about. I also need to use the proper format that my professor tells me to use. If I can’t figure this out, I need to seek help. I need to learn how to brain storm more. Finally, I need to stop procrastinating and give myself more than enough time to complete my work to the best of my ability. Every day is a working progress that I am working on. On the other hand, I enjoy my English 102-06 course. My professor is amazing! When I leave class I say I actually learned something and he makes me want to learn. I learned how to express my own life experiences through stories that I am reading and new vocabulary words. My attendance to class is not an issue. I have only missed one of class day so far, and I make every effort to make it to class on time. However, as for my midterm grade I can never argue about any grade I earn. I feel as though I will pass this class with a good grade. I am learning as long as I do what is expected of me I will be fine I have come too far just to give up. I know what I need to work on and if that means seeking help at the tutorial center, then I will get all the help that is available to me. I never blame my life issues or what I signed up for on anyone. I knew what I was getting myself into. At time I do slack and it’s not easy, but I try not to allow that to discourage me. Each day I make a sacrifice that I am willing to make. At times I do want to give up but, I cannot because I have a daughter whose future depends on me. I know the rewards at the end will be great and things will get better. I just have to keep pushing forward. I do not want people to ever feel pity for me. Nor do I want people to doubt that I can do this. I know what I have to do to become a better writer. I have goals and I will accomplish them. Giving up is not an option. I will not fail my daughter.