the silk road Essay -- essays research papers

The Silk Road is the most well-known trading route of ancient Chinese civilization. Trade in silk grew under the Han Dynasty ( 202 BC - AD 220) in the first and second centuries AD   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Origanally, the Chinese trade silk internally, within the empire. Caravans from the empire's interior would carry silk to the western edges of the region. Often small Central Asian tribes would attack these caravans hoping to capture the traders' valuable commodities. As a result, the Han Dynasty extended its military defenses further into Central Asia from 135 to 90 BC in order to protect these caravans.Chan Ch'ien, the first known Chinese traveler to make contact with the Central Asian tribes, later came up with the idea to expand the silk trade to include these lesser tribes and therefore forge alliances with these Central Asian nomads. Because of this idea, the Silk Road was born.The route grew with the rise of the Roman Empire because the Chinese initially gave silk to the Roman-Asian governments as gifts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 7000 mile route spanned China, Central Asia, Northern India, and the Parthian and Roman Empires. It connected the Yellow River Valley to the Mediterranean Sea and passed through places such as Chinese cities Kansu and Sinkiang and present-day countries Iran, Iraq and Syria.Northwestern Indians who lived near the Ganges River played prominent roles as middlemen in the China-Mediterranean silk trade because as early as the third...

Stone Boy Essay -- essays research papers

Creative Task: The Stone Boy Six years ago, Arnold Curwing accidentally shot his brother with a .22 caliber rifle. He was nine years old at the time. Surrounding this incident, as you would expect, he was under fire by his neighbors and peers from thereon, even though it was an accident. Generally, they all blamed him. Some detested him for not getting in trouble. Some might debate that he got not enough punishment. Others might conclude that the knowledge of living the rest of his life knowing that he killed his brother would be punishment enough. The people that he loved, the people he was closest to blamed him, including his mother and sister blamed him. This is the kind of thing that a person nine years of age does not forget. For this reason I make the following analysis. When he was young, Arnold seemed like a child with no education, except for the knowledge that had been passed down the family –like the need to pick peas before the sun comes up, while they are still cool – pieces of information like this would be all that he needs to get by when (we assume) he inherits the farm from his father. So he would not be very bright by today's standards. Naivety would be a characteristic you would expect from him as well – it seems that in his community, mostly everybody would accept what is given to them and not question it. Uncle Andy for instance immediately believed the sheriffs verdict, be it correct or not, and is later quoted to have s...

Grave of the Fireflies

Tim Yang 4/2/13 JPN 211 During the Buffalo Film Seminar of Grave of the Fireflies by Isao Takahata, one can see World War II from the viewpoint and experiences of a Japanese survivor (Akiyuki Nosaka). The movie is about Seita, a sixteen years old boy, and Setsuko, his younger sister, and how they were forced to struggle in order to survive in the widespread famine and the heartless indifference of their extended family members and countrymen. Their mother died early in movie, after suffering burns and injuries from a firebombing related to the US B-29s and they were forced to live with their indifferent—inattentive aunt.After taking his aunt’s insults for some time, Seita finally decided that he had enough and left with Setsuko. They found an abandoned bomb shelter nearby and decided to live there by themselves with some money they took from the bank from their deceased mother. Once they ran out of money, Setsuko started to become extremely malnourished and sick; so as a way to cure Setsuko, Seita resorted to stealing crops from farmers. Soon after, Seita learned that Japan lost the war and that his father died, losing all morale, his only purpose in life left was to make sure his sister survives.Ultimately they both died, due to malnutrition and negligence of their countrymen. The movie shows how a society can become helpless and weak, and also fail to protect one another. Since the movie is a foreign film it also shows another perspective from a different culture and race. Grave of the Fireflies was beautiful made and it can bring better understanding, appreciation, and reflection upon the horrors of war and its aftermath as experienced by the Japanese people in WWII.

Strengths And Limitations Of Being A Social Worker Social Work Essay Essay Example

Strengths And Limitations Of Being A Social Worker Social Work Essay Essay Example Strengths And Limitations Of Being A Social Worker Social Work Essay Paper Strengths And Limitations Of Being A Social Worker Social Work Essay Paper Sing my strengths, I am concerted, good-natured, generous, helpful, low and modest and I trust others. As a professional, I am non-judgmental, non faulting the client for their problems. Even if person hurts my feelings, I am speedy to forgive. These qualities are of import for me, because I am working and will work with a assortment of individuals health care professionals, clients, and so on who may exhibit inflexible and demanding personalities that may be disputing to work with. Finding the right intervention or service for each client based on their demands requires a originative individual. I am besides punctilious, hard-working, good organized, have good self- subject, and take my duties earnestly. These traits are suited for when I am working independently or transporting heavy caseloads. My extrospective personality besides suits my calling aim as a societal worker as interaction with others is a important part of a societal worker s occupation. Sing communicating accomplishments, I am chatty, self-asserting, sociable and active. Over the old ages I have besides succeeded to maturate emotionally. One of my restrictions is that, although I speak four linguistic communications fluently, my Spanish is non acceptable yet when it comes to pass oning with Latino clients. I am get the better ofing this personal restriction by taking a class in the following semester as a starting point. My other restriction is a deficiency of experience as a societal worker. As I learn and seeing the issues that clients have, I am detecting that there is much more to larn. There are many concerns that I still do non cognize how to manage, but I am larning and will larn more in the close hereafter. Some of my personal qualities include being motivated and enthusiastic in a thoughtful and respectful mode. I am able to keep a gracious and caring demeanour, even in nerve-racking state of affairss. I have a high mark for mind, which indicates that I strive to larn and keep my current cognition, which is indispensable for a good and passionate societal worker. I am truly concerned with other people and seek to handle everyone with courtesy and kindness. I have ever had the desire to analyze and endeavor in my country of involvement. When I had an chance in 2005 to travel back to school, I was to the full committed to stand out in my surveies. My end is non merely to acquire good classs, but besides to to the full understand the constructs in my surveies and be able to analyse them. There are many societal issues in our society that I would wish to personally lend to for the betterment of society. Through acquisition, I was able to understand some of my ain experiences from the yesteryear, and alternatively of taking them as a awful lesson, I accepted them as disputing journey. One of my academic ends is to maintain up my above mean classs. I put in tremendous attempt and difficult work into my surveies. Making it to the Dean s list every semester is besides a precedence. Upon geting at this university, I was determined that I would pass my following four old ages in chase of new thoughts and experiences. Current and Past Experiences 3. What professional accomplishments and experiences make you an appropriate campaigner for our plan? Sing my work experience, since 2005 I have been responsible for day-to-day scheduling of activities and supplying positive behavioural ends and aims for an eight twelvemonth old male child with high working autism. This twelvemonth, I was employed at California Psychcare as a behavioural teacher. This company is one of the sellers for North Los Angeles County Regional Center where I provide therapy for kids with autism. Besides my parttime work, I have besides been an intern since August 2009 at the Domestic Abuse Center, which is located in Reseda, California. We are trained voluntary advocators reacting with constabulary to domestic force calls, offering immediate aid with medical, legal and reding referrals and shelter options. From January to May 2009, I was a voluntary at the Therapeutic Living Centers for the Blind in Reseda, California. The clients were lawfully unsighted and besides had some grade of cognitive disablement. My interactions with them included larning appropriate suggestion, aid and communicating techniques. In May 2009, I received a Dr. Russ Miller Scholarship Award given by the CSUN Sociology Department. Future Goals 4. Discourse how your professional ends are consistent with the mission of the CSUN MSW Program. Sing my professional ends, I have a strong desire to assist others. This insight comes from the fact that my female parent had a serious mental upset, viz. bipolar upset, while she was alive. In Yugoslavian society, it was a shame and a stigma to hold person mentally badly in the household. My female parent tried difficult to set and to move normal, but this was beyond her abilities, peculiarly around the clip when the civil war started to interrupt out in Yugoslavia. Alternatively of demanding to set, the household members should hold understood that they had an sick individual in the household. My male parent and I lacked this cognition at that clip. When my male parent got ill from tummy malignant neoplastic disease, the whole state of affairs was whirling out of control in my household until it ended in calamity. My darling female parent could non get by any longer with life s challenges and she committed self-destruction. My male parent died five months subsequently. I strongly feel that my female parent could be alive today, had she received aid, which is the ground for my pick of future calling. After finishing a Maestro s grade, I would wish to develop psycho-educational workshops. Families with mentally sick members frequently find themselves bowed down. These households do non hold the appropriate cognition or accomplishments to manage or take attention of the mentally ill ; they need particular preparation, support and cognition. Furthermore, the households need to cognize how to interact with service suppliers efficaciously and how to interact with their mentally sick members. Consequently, I strongly believe that these workshops will ensue in good results for the whole household. I neer had any professionals nearing me and offering me this cognition. Even though we were a in-between category household in Yugoslavia, it was assumed that if we did non necessitate fiscal aid, we did non necessitate any other aid or information. Hopefully for some households who have a mentally sick member, this support in the signifier of workshops will be good. My other passion when it comes to career aims is assisting soldiers returning from war to set to mundane life once more. We can work to develop a clinical scheme to range out to traumatized veterans who have non been able to return to civilian life. After finishing the MSW plan, I would wish to, as a societal worker, offer veterans and their households some services such as resource pilotage, crisis intercession, protagonism, benefit aid, and mental wellness therapy for conditions such as depression, station traumatic emphasis upset, and drug and intoxicant dependence. For many combat veterans, their jobs are compounded by multiple mental complaints. Therefore, in confronting the challenges on return from combat, it is critical for the veterans to have household support and apprehension. Many civilians are judgmental when it comes to returning veterans, claiming they are strong and will acquire over their war experiences. It is hence the responsibility of a passionate psychiatric societal worker to educate the populace about this sensitive subject and to assist these veterans who deserve to be helped. These are my chief calling aims. I come from a state with rich cultural and cultural diverseness, where I lived as an cultural minority. This self-awareness helps me understand cultural sensitiveness better every bit good as the clients cultural beliefs, when working with the specific client populations. Beside English, I speak Magyar, Serbian and Croatian and I am in the procedure of larning Spanish. Knowledge of Spanish will be an plus for me as a societal work practician. Physical, societal, psychological and emotional jobs attributable to lifestyle, environment, substance maltreatment and emphasis will go on to turn in figure and complexness. There will be a demand for originative and inventive intercessions. Professional Objectivity 5. Identify three client populations that might make a value struggle for you or that might do you to lose your professional objectiveness. Describe what attack you will take in order to work with each population listed. One of the client populations for which I need to be more nonsubjective is working with gang members. I realize that being in a pack is more than merely making drug trades and take parting in other illegal pack activity. My attack to get the better of this shortage is through instruction to larn about the history of packs, their linguistic communication and symbolism, economic considerations and factors that contribute to gang activity every bit good as the hazard factors and the impact of migration and in-migration on packs. I need to larn about how to turn to the root causes, to acknowledge that immature people frequently join packs to accomplish a sense of belonging and happen a supportive community in them that they often lack at place, to understand the interior workings of the pack to happen out precisely what it provides, who its members are, what activities they are involved with, and how its leading is structured. I believe that these striplings are non inherently bad ; alte rnatively, faced with limited picks, they are doing determinations that lead them down a negative way. Another client population doing value struggle is the terminally sick as such brushs will expose me to feelings of hurting, sorrow, choler, weakness, and hopelessness. Puting realistic short- and long-run ends in handling these clients and concentrating on what can be done, even in state of affairss that seem hopeless, can forestall a sense of failure and desperation. Furthermore, accomplishable ends can be set even in the hard state of affairs of handling terminally sick patients. The ends might include bettering the patient s quality of life in the concluding yearss, transfusing a sense of pick and credence of physical restrictions, assisting them cope with separating from household members, and analyzing their precedences. The 3rd client population is the aged. Aged clients are fond and eagerly delay for a societal worker to see them. Most of them treat the societal worker as a friend. Professional objectiveness is required, so that I will non visualise the client as a household, and to maintain in head that the end is to assist them develop the ability to make good without a batch of support. Time Management 6. Clearly describe the programs that you have made in order to guarantee that you will be able to finish the MSW Program you are using for given the class work load of the plan and the figure of hours that are required for field instruction. As I work portion clip for 15 hours per hebdomad, I have chosen to set about the three-year plan. My hubby works full clip and I am non the exclusive fiscal supplier for my household. I am be aftering my other countries of life around my surveies, so I can to the full perpetrate and maintain up with good classs. 7. If you are using for the threeaˆ?year plan ( or stated that you would see either plan on your application ) , include an extra treatment sing your current employment, clip direction, and specific programs to suit 16 hours per hebdomad of field instruction ( of which eight to sixteen are during internship concern hours ) during the 2nd and 3rd old ages of the plan. My work is flexible ; I largely work afternoons and sometimes on weekends. As stated before, I work as a behavioural teacher with kids who have autism. I go into the clients places to supply services. I neer work more than three hours per session. I have been able to set up a professional, but friendly relationship with these households ; hence, I can alter my agenda, every bit long as the needed hours are completed.

African-American Vernacular English (AAVE)

African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) is a  variety of American English spoken by many African Americans. It has been called by many other names that are sometimes offensive, including African American English, black English, black English vernacular, ebonics, negro dialect, nonstandard negro English, black talk, blaccent, or blackcent. AAVE originated in the slave plantations of the American South, and it shares a number of phonological and grammatical features with Southern dialects of American English. Many African Americans are bi-dialectal in AAVE and Standard American English. Several concepts are related to this complex topic, including: African-American RhetoricBe  DeletionCode SwitchingDialect PrejudiceDiglossiaDouble CopulaDozensDummy  ItEthnic DialectInvariant  BeMetathesisNegative ConcordSerial VerbsSignifyingSubject-Auxiliary Inversion (SAI)West African Pidgin EnglishZero Copula and Zero Possessive Examples and Observations In line with evolving trends within the larger community, linguists use African American English instead of Black English (or even older terms like Non-Standard Negro English) for the English of African Americans, a continuum of varieties ranging from the most mainstream or standard speech (like Bryant Gumbels, virtually indistinguishable from the formal speech of white and other Americans), to the most vernacular or non-mainstream variety. It was to focus on this latter variety that Labov (1972) first started referring to it as Black English vernacular. African American Vernacular English is simply the most recent variety of that term, the one most widely used among linguists...The term Ebonics, which was first coined in 1973 by a group of Black scholars...from ebony (black) and phonics (sound, the study of sound) (R. Williams, 1975)...is regarded by many if not most linguists as very similar if not identical to AAVE in terms of the features and varieties it designates. (Rickford, African American Vernacular English) [C]ontributing to the evolution of American English was the migration of blacks from the South after the Civil War to urban areas of the north. They took their Southern speech patterns with them, including all of the linguistic forms that had been incorporated into the grammatical structure of speech among slaves. Unlike most white immigrants to urban centers, who eventually adopted local dialects, blacks generally remained isolated in impoverished ghettos and as a result, retained their dialect. This physical isolation contributed to linguistic isolation and the maintenance of African American vernacular English (AAVE). The retention of unique linguistic forms, racism, and educational apartheid have since led to numerous misconceptions of this dialect. (Baugh, Out of the Mouths of Slaves: African American Language and Educational Malpractice) The Two Components of AAVE It is proposed that AAVE consists of two distinct components: the General English [GE] component, which is similar to the grammar of OAD [Other American Dialects], and the African-American [AA] component. These two components are not tightly integrated with each other, but follow internal patterns of strict co-occurrence...The AA component is not a complete grammar, but a subset of grammatical and lexical forms that are used in combination with much but not all of the grammatical inventory of GE. (Labov, Coexistent Systems in African-American English) Origin of AAVE On one level, the origin of African American English in the USA will always be a matter of speculation. Written records are sporadic and incomplete, and open to interpretation; demographic information about language use is also selective and largely anecdotal. Furthermore, great variation was exhibited in the speech of Africans when they were first brought to the New World and to colonial America, as indicated in references to black speech in slave advertisements and court records (Brasch, 1981). It is also indisputable that English-lexifier Creole languages developed and continue to flourish in the African diaspora - from coastal West Africa to coastal North America - and that the middle passage for some Africans brought to colonial America included exposure to these creoles (Kay and Cary, 1995; Rickford, 1997, 1999; Winford, 1997). Beyond these acknowledgments, however, the origin and status of early African American speech has been and continues to be vigorously disputed. (Wolfram, The Development of African American English) Sources Baugh, John.  Out of the Mouths of Slaves: African American Language and Educational Malpractice. University of Texas, 1999.Labov, William. â€Å"Coexistent Systems in African-American English.†Ã‚  The Structure of African-American English, edited by Salikoko S. Mufwene, et al., Routledge, 1998, pp. 110–153.Rickford, John Russell.  African American Vernacular English: Features, Evolution, Educational Implications. Blackwell, 2011.Wolfram, Walt, and Erik R. Thomas.  The Development of African American English. 1st ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2002.

Social Greetings in English For ESL Students

Social Greetings in English For ESL Students Greetings are used to say hello in English. Its common to use different greetings depending on whether you greet a friend, family or a business associate. When you meet friends, use informal greetings. If its really important, use formal greetings. Formal greetings are also used with people you do not know very well. Greetings also depend on whether you are saying hello, or you are saying goodbye. Learn the correct phrases using the notes below, and then practice using greetings with the practice dialogues.   Formal Greetings: Arriving Good morning / afternoon / evening.Hello (name), how are you?Good day Sir / Madam (very formal) Respond to a formal greeting with another formal greeting. Good morning Mr. Smith.Hello Ms. Anderson. How are you today? Informal Greetings: Arriving Hi / HelloHow are you?How are you doing?Whats up? (very informal) Its important to note that the question How are you? or Whats up? doesnt necessarily need a response. If you do respond, these phrases are generally expected: How are you? / How are you doing? Very well, thank you. And you? (formal)Fine / Great (informal) Whats up?   Not much.Im just (watching TV, hanging out, cooking dinner, etc.) Informal Greetings After a Long Time If you havent seen a friend or family member for a long time, use one these informal greetings to mark the occasion. Its great to see you!How have you been?  Long time, no see.  How are you doing these days? Formal Greetings: Departing Use these greetings when you say goodbye at the end of the day. These greetings are appropriate for work and other formal situations.   Good morning / afternoon / evening.It was a pleasure seeing you.Goodbye.Goodnight. (Note: Use after 8 p.m.) Informal Greetings: Departing Use these greetings when saying goodbye in an informal situation.   Nice seeing you!Goodbye / ByeSee you laterLater (very informal) Here are some short example conversations for you to practice greetings in English. Find a partner to practice and take a role. Next, switch roles. Finally, make up your own conversations. Greetings in Informal Conversations: Practice Dialogue Anna:  Tom, whats up?Tom:  Hi Anna. Nothing much. Im just hanging out. Whats up with you?Anna:  Its a good day. Im feeling fine.Tom:  How is your sister?Anna:  Oh, fine. Not much has changed.Tom:  Well, I have to go. Nice seeing you!Anna:  Later! *** Maria:  Oh, hello Chris. How are you doing?Chris:  Im well. Thanks for asking. How are you?Maria:  I cant complain. Life is treating me well.Chris:  Thats good to hear.Maria:  Good to see you again. I need to go to my doctors appointment.Chris:  Nice seeing you.Maria:  See you later.   Greetings in Formal Conversations: Practice Dialogue John:  Good morning.Alan:  Good morning. How are you?John:  Im very well thank you. And you?Alan:  Im fine. Thank you for asking.John:  Do you have a meeting this morning?Alan:  Yes, I do. Do you have a meeting as well?John:  Yes. Well. It was a pleasure seeing you.Alan:  Goodbye.   Notes Greeting someone when you are introduced.   Once you have been  introduced  to someone, the next time you see that person it is important to greet them. We also greet people as we leave people. In English (as in all languages), there are different ways to greet people in formal and informal situations. Introduction (first) Greeting:  How do you do? The question How do you do is only a formality. In other words, the question does not need to be answered. Rather, it is a standard phrase used when meeting some for the first time. Tom: Peter, Id like to introduce you to Mr. Smith. Mr. Smith this is Peter Thompson.  Peter: How do you do?Mr. Smith: How do you do? Use these phrases to say that you are happy to meet someone when introduced for the first time.   Its a pleasure to meet you.Its nice to meet you. Greetings after an  Introduction:  How are you?   Once you have met someone, its common to use standard greetings such as Good Morning, How are you? and Hello. Jackson: Hi Tom. How are you?Peter: Fine, and you?  Jackson: Im great.

Economic Development Objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic Development Objectives - Essay Example Structural transformations include â€Å"diversion of economic production away from agriculture, increase in the scale of productive units, shifts in organization and in the status of labor, and shifts in the structure of consumption† (Lundberg 445). Advanced technology increases the potential of an economy recording high economic growth rates. This therefore means that technological improvements are necessary conditions and not sufficient conditions since economic development is much wider than just economic growth (Kuznets, 419). There is therefore need to factor in the structural changes associated with improved technology since the net change might be negative or zero after including the costs of structural changes to quantifying economic development. Structural shifts and developing countries As much as everyone in developing countries wants economic developments, they should be aware of Kuznets and that with structural shifts long-term end results could be detrimental to the welfare of their less developed economies.